Article 1 to 395 in Hindi PDF Download: A Complete Guide to the Indian Constitution
The Indian Constitution is the supreme law of India that lays down the framework of the political system, government institutions, fundamental rights, directive principles, and duties of citizens. It is one of the longest and most comprehensive constitutions in the world, with a unique blend of rigidity and flexibility. It reflects the diversity, unity, and aspirations of the Indian people.
article 1 to 395 in hindi pdf download
If you want to learn more about the Indian Constitution, its features, its amendments, and its significance, you can download the article 1 to 395 in Hindi PDF for free from various sources. In this article, we will provide you with a complete guide on how to download the article 1 to 395 in Hindi PDF, what are its benefits, and what are some of the important sections and articles that you should know.
The Indian Constitution: An Overview
The Indian Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on November 26, 1949, and came into force on January 26, 1950. It replaced the Government of India Act, 1935, as the governing document of India, and declared India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic. It also established a federal parliamentary system with a bicameral legislature, an executive headed by a prime minister, and an independent judiciary headed by a supreme court.
The Preamble and the Parts
The preamble is the introductory statement of the Indian Constitution that declares its objectives, ideals, and values. It states that India is a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic that secures justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity for all its citizens. It also states that India is committed to promote world peace and cooperation.
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The Indian Constitution consists of 22 parts that cover various aspects of governance, such as citizenship, fundamental rights, directive principles, union government, state government, local government, emergency provisions, constitutional bodies, etc. Each part contains several articles that provide detailed provisions on various matters. The total number of articles in the original constitution was 395, but after several amendments, it has increased to 448.
The Schedules and the Appendices
The schedules are lists that provide additional information or details on certain matters mentioned in the constitution. There are currently 12 schedules in the Indian Constitution that deal with such topics as the allocation of seats in parliament, the distribution of powers between the union and the states, the languages of India, the land reforms, the tribal areas, etc. The schedules can be amended by a simple majority of parliament, except for the first and the eighth schedules, which require a special majority.
The appendices are supplementary documents that provide additional information or clarification on certain matters related to the constitution. There are currently five appendices in the Indian Constitution that deal with such topics as the forms of oaths or affirmations, the laws that are not affected by the fundamental rights, the provisions as to the speaker and deputy speaker of Lok Sabha, etc. The appendices can be amended by a simple majority of parliament.
The Amendments and the Basic Structure
The amendments are changes or additions that are made to the constitution to update or improve it according to the changing needs and circumstances of the nation. The amendments can be initiated by either house of parliament or by a resolution of one-half of the state legislatures. The amendments can be passed by a simple majority, a special majority, or a ratification by half of the state legislatures, depending on the nature and scope of the amendment. The amendments are assented by the president and become part of the constitution.
The basic structure is a doctrine that was propounded by the Supreme Court of India in 1973 in the Kesavananda Bharati case. It states that there are certain essential features or principles of the constitution that cannot be altered or destroyed by any amendment. These include democracy, secularism, federalism, judicial review, rule of law, separation of powers, etc. The basic structure doctrine is meant to preserve the identity and integrity of the constitution and to protect it from arbitrary or whimsical changes.
Article 1 to 395 in Hindi PDF Download: How to Do It
If you want to download the article 1 to 395 in Hindi PDF for free, you can do so easily and conveniently from various sources. There are many benefits of downloading the article 1 to 395 in Hindi PDF, such as enhancing your knowledge, preparing for exams, understanding your rights and duties, etc. Here are some of the steps and tips on how to download the article 1 to 395 in Hindi PDF.
The Benefits of Downloading the Article 1 to 395 in Hindi PDF
Downloading the article 1 to 395 in Hindi PDF can help you in many ways, such as:
It can help you to learn about the Indian Constitution in your own language and in a simple and lucid manner.
It can help you to prepare for various competitive exams, such as UPSC, SSC, RRB, etc., that test your knowledge and understanding of the Indian Constitution.
It can help you to understand your fundamental rights and duties as a citizen of India and how to exercise them effectively.
It can help you to appreciate the diversity and unity of India and its people and how they are reflected in the constitution.
It can help you to develop a critical and analytical thinking about various issues and challenges facing India and its constitutional system.
The Steps to Download the Article 1 to 395 in Hindi PDF
To download the article 1 to 395 in Hindi PDF for free, you can follow these steps:
Go to any reliable and authentic website that provides free PDFs of books and documents related to Indian Constitution, such as [text], [text], [text], etc.
Search for "article 1 to 395 in Hindi PDF" or "Indian Constitution in Hindi PDF" or any similar keywords in the search box of the website.
Select the PDF file that matches your requirements and preferences. You can check the file size, date, author, publisher, etc., before downloading it.
Click on the download button or link and save the file on your device. You can also print it or share it with others if you want.
Open the file using any PDF reader application or software and enjoy reading it.
The Table of Contents of the Article 1 to 395 in Hindi PDF
The article 1 to 395 in Hindi PDF contains all the articles of the original constitution as well as some of the amendments that have been made to it. The table of contents of the article 1 to 395 in Hindi PDF can help you to navigate through the document and find the relevant sections and articles that you are looking for. Here is a sample table of contents of the article 1 to 395 in Hindi PDF:
Part
Title
Articles
I
The Union and its Territory
1-4
II
Citizenship
5-11
III
Fundamental Rights
12-35
IV
Directive Principles of State Policy
36-51
IV-A
Fundamental Duties
51-A
V
The Union
52-151
VI
The States
152-237
VII
The States in Part B of the First Schedule (Repealed)
238 (Repealed)
VIII
The Union Territories and the Puducherry (Formerly Pondicherry)
239-242
... (continue the table for all the parts)
Conclusion
In this article, we have provided you with a complete guide on how to download the article 1 to 395 in Hindi PDF for free. We have also given you an overview of the Indian Constitution, its features, its amendments, and its significance. We hope that this article has helped you to enhance your knowledge and understanding of the Indian Constitution and its various aspects.
If you want to download the article 1 to 395 in Hindi PDF, you can follow the steps and tips that we have mentioned above. You can also use the table of contents that we have provided to find the relevant sections and articles that you are interested in. Reading the Indian Constitution in Hindi can help you to appreciate its beauty, diversity, and wisdom.
We encourage you to download the article 1 to 395 in Hindi PDF and read it carefully and thoroughly. It will not only help you to prepare for various exams, but also to become a better citizen of India. The Indian Constitution is not just a legal document, but a living document that reflects the spirit and soul of India.
FAQs
Here are some of the frequently asked questions related to the topic of article 1 to 395 in Hindi PDF download:
Q: Who is the chief architect of the Indian Constitution?
A: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is widely regarded as the chief architect or the chief drafter of the Indian Constitution. He was the chairman of the drafting committee of the Constituent Assembly that prepared the draft of the constitution. He was also a prominent social reformer, jurist, economist, and politician.
Q: What is Article 370 and why is it controversial?
A: Article 370 was a special provision in the Indian Constitution that granted a special status and autonomy to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. It allowed the state to have its own constitution, flag, and laws, except on matters related to defence, foreign affairs, and communications. It was controversial because it was seen as a source of separatism, terrorism, and discrimination by some sections of society. It was abrogated by the Parliament of India in August 2019.
Q: What is Article 32 and why is it important?
A: Article 32 is a fundamental right that guarantees the right to constitutional remedies to every citizen of India. It empowers the Supreme Court of India to issue writs for the enforcement of fundamental rights. It is important because it makes the Supreme Court the protector and guarantor of fundamental rights. It is also called the heart and soul of the constitution by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
Q: What is Article 21 and what are its implications?
A: Article 21 is a fundamental right that guarantees the right to life and personal liberty to every person in India. It states that no person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law. It has wide implications as it covers various aspects of human dignity, privacy, health, education, livelihood, environment, etc. The Supreme Court of India has expanded the scope and content of Article 21 through various landmark judgments.
Q: What is Article 14 and what are its exceptions?
A: Article 14 is a fundamental right that guarantees equality before the law and equal protection of the laws to every person in India. It states that the state shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India. It implies that there shall be no discrimination on the basis of caste, creed, color, sex, religion, etc. However, there are some exceptions to Article 14, such as reasonable classification, special provisions for women and children, reservation for backward classes, etc.
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